The Vital Role of Youth Organizations in Shaping Youth Participation in Nine European Countries
本文研究九个欧洲国家青年组织的行动方式，发现获得国家或欧盟资助的组织较少参与冲突性活动，而自主性高、草根活跃的组织更倾向非常规行动，提醒关注资金和正规化对青年参与去政治化的影响。
This article examines factors that influence the action repertoires of youth organizations (YOs) across nine European countries and their roles within the nonprofit and voluntary sector. We insist on the connectedness of various forms of engagement, challenging the traditional divide between volunteering/nonprofit activities and political mobilization. Through a theory-driven analysis, we show how organizational structure and outside support impact YOs’ forms of action. We find cross-national variations and demonstrate that YOs’ access to resources and strategic choices are central in explaining their modes of engagement. Those with substantial institutionalized support (notably funding from state authorities and the EU) are less likely to engage in conflictual activities, whereas those with higher levels of autonomy and grassroots activism are more inclined toward unconventional actions. These results call attention to how funding and formalization can steer civil society toward low-conflict engagement, potentially depoliticizing youth activism. They have broader implications for understanding how structural conditions shape civic agency and the democratic potential of the nonprofit and voluntary sector.