Understanding organizational–professional conflict: The effects of organizational controls and professional field strength
研究了正式与非正式组织控制以及职业领域强度如何影响医生、会计师等专业人士的组织-职业冲突，发现产出控制加剧冲突，社会控制缓解冲突，且强职业领域能削弱控制的影响。
Abstract Organizational–professional conflict (OPC) occurs when organizations encourage professionals such as doctors, accountants, and lawyers to behave in ways that are not consistent with their professional norms. This may lead to unethical behavior, while it also reduces job satisfaction and increases turnover intentions. We take a novel approach for understanding OPC by examining the role played by formal and informal controls within the organization in which the professional is working, as well as the strength of the broader professional field of which the professional is a member. Using a sample of 449 qualified professional employees from a wide range of organizations and industries, we find that (1) formal behavior control does not influence OPC, (2) formal output control is positively linked to OPC, (3) informal social control reduces OPC, and (4) a stronger professional field mitigates the impact of output and social controls. The results extend recent insights into OPC while guiding professional organizations in terms of how their control systems may reduce the negative consequences of OPC amongst key employees.