Cross-Country Heterogeneous Response to Competition: Theory and Evidence from Trade Data
研究发现，面对中国在美国市场的竞争加剧，穷国出口价格相对富国下降，但出口数量却上升。为此构建了包含产品质量能力和二维伯特兰竞争的一般均衡模型，揭示富国在质量升级上具有比较优势。
Abstract We document that in response to intensified competition from China in the U.S., poor countries reduce their export prices relative to rich countries, consistent with conventional wisdom. Interestingly, however, the opposite is true for export quantities. To reconcile these facts, we develop and estimate a general equilibrium model of trade featuring (i) cross-country heterogeneity in the ability to produce high-quality goods and (ii) a two-dimensional Bertrand competition on price and quality. Our model explains the empirical facts by showing that rich countries have a comparative advantage in quality upgrading, whereas a nested model without quality cannot do so.