Agglomeration economies and urban mobility in developing countries
利用世界银行企业调查数据，研究了发展中国家城市流动性限制如何降低城市密度的回报，发现拥堵对非贸易服务企业的集聚经济负面影响更大。
Using geocoded firm-level productivity data from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey and urban density and mobility data for metropolitan areas in the developing world, we examine the extent to which urban mobility constraints reduce the returns to urban density. Although the average returns to density in the developing world are comparable with those observed in advanced countries, the magnitude of these benefits varies substantially across metropolitan areas. We find that agglomeration economies are lost through both limited uncongested mobility and congestion, but the latter has the stronger negative effect, especially for firms providing non-tradable services.