Using the past to understand cities: Transportation before the Industrial Revolution in Urban Economics
梳理了工业革命前交通成本影响城市形态和区位的文献，收集了古代和中世纪不同交通方式的旅行速度参数，并讨论了城市内部交通、分选与集聚的研究空白，为未来研究提供方向。
We study the role of historic transportation in Urban Economics. First, we summarize the literature on transport cost before the Industrial Revolution and how they have influenced the shape and location of cities until today. We collect corresponding travel speed parameters from the literature for antiquity and the middle-ages for different transport modes that suggest limited to no improvements in travel time. We then discuss the sparse literature on transportation, sorting and agglomeration within the pre-industrial city. Lastly, we conclude by highlighting open questions and opportunities for future research.