The Great Temporal Divide: How Top Management Team Temporal Faultlines and Dominant Subgroups Shape Firm Innovativeness in Iran
研究高管团队中成员对过去、现在和未来的关注差异如何形成时间断层，并影响团队时间意识规范与企业创新性，基于伊朗209家中小企业数据发现时间断层促进时间管理规范，且规范与创新性呈倒U型关系。
Abstract While executives vary in attention to the past, present, and future, prior work has largely examined these temporal orientations in isolation or at the individual level, which limits insight into how they jointly configure within top management teams (TMTs) and translate into firm behaviours. In this study, we advance a configurational perspective by introducing TMT temporal faultlines , defined as subgroup divisions based on the alignment of members' past, present, and future foci. We distinguish two key features of temporal faultlines: temporal faultline strength and the dominant subgroup temporal profile, and propose that these configurational properties shape the emergence of TMT time‐awareness norms through regulating how teams attend to and coordinate temporal demands. Based on multi‐wave survey data from 209 TMTs of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in Iran, our findings suggest that temporal faultlines, making temporal differences salient, foster the development of shared norms around time management. We further find that TMT time‐awareness norms exhibit an inverted U‐shaped relationship with firm innovativeness, with moderate levels enhancing innovativeness by balancing temporal discipline and flexibility. Together, these findings shift research on executive temporality from individual traits to team configurations and extend faultlines theory by showing that both subgroup differentiation and subgroup content matter.