Getting Physical: The Foundations of Climate Evidence in Accounting
探讨会计中评估物理气候风险财务影响所需的气候模型证据，提出四项原则指导编制者、审计师和标准制定者负责任地使用这些证据。
SYNOPSIS This perspective addresses the growing need for credible, decision-useful approaches to assessing the financial impact of physical climate risk in accounting. Doing so requires accounting to expand its evidence base to include global climate models (GCMs), the sole source of information about how the climate will change. Because future climate outcomes depend on complex physical and social system interactions, even the most advanced models generate evidence that, although indispensable, is incomplete and uncertain at business-relevant scales. When these limits go unrecognized, climate model outputs can be misunderstood or misapplied, producing unreliable information that poses risks to preparers, auditors, and the wider financial system. In response, this perspective develops four principles for the responsible use of climate model evidence in accounting, providing practical guidance to preparers, auditors, market participants, and standard setters on how decision-useful information can be developed. Data Availability: Appendix A includes information on simulations from the CMIP5 and CMIP6 climate model ensembles used in this study. JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M42; M48; Q51; Q54.