Gender-Segmented Labour Markets and Foreign Demand Shocks
研究了外国需求冲击如何通过性别分割的劳动力市场影响女性与男性就业比率，利用突尼斯数据发现冲击集中在男性密集型行业导致该比率下降。
Gender segmentation in labour markets shapes the local effects of international trade. We develop a theory that combines exports with gender-segmented labour markets and show that, in this framework, foreign demand shocks may either increase or decrease the female-to-male employment ratio. If a foreign demand shock happens in a female-intensive (male-intensive) sector, the model predicts that the female-to-male employment ratio should increase (decrease). We then use plausibly exogenous variation in the exposure of Tunisian local labour markets to foreign demand shocks and show that the empirical results are consistent with the theoretical prediction. In Tunisia, a developing country with a high degree of gender segmentation in labour markets, foreign-demand shocks have been relatively larger in male-intensive sectors. This induced a decrease in the female-to-male employment ratio, with households likely substituting male for female labour supply.