Stakeholder washing: Theorizing symbolic stakeholder engagement
提出“利益相关者洗白”概念，指企业将符号性参与伪装成实质性参与，通过符号性包容、叙事俘获和战略延迟三种机制维持控制，并区分其与有限但透明的参与，探讨制度保障以增强参与的权威性、可追溯性和回应性。
• We conceptualize stakeholder washing as symbolic engagement presented as substantive. • Participatory arrangements can project openness while preserving managerial control. • Three mechanisms explain stakeholder washing: symbolic inclusion, narrative capture, and strategic delay. • We distinguish stakeholder washing from limited but transparent engagement. • Institutional safeguards can strengthen the authority, traceability, and responsiveness of stakeholder engagement.