Women’s Power in the Household
综述了中低收入国家女性家庭权力的测量、决定因素和影响，发现女性对收入的控制权能提升其权力，且可能增加对子女的人力资本投资。
We examine women’s household power in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), synthesizing theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence on its measurement, determinants, and consequences. We define women’s household power as their influence over household choices, distinguishing it from broader empowerment concepts. We review economic models, including unitary, collective, and bargaining frameworks, and map these to empirical approaches. We then discuss measurement methods, such as structural estimation of consumption allocation, survey measures, and laboratory experiments. On the determinants of women’s power, we find that some approaches, such as transfers targeted to women, show mixed results, while others, such as increasing women’s control over their earnings, show clearer positive impacts. On the effects of women’s power, we pay special attention to children’s human capital. Few studies provide strong evidence that mothers invest more in children than fathers do, but collectively the evidence suggests such an effect. We conclude by highlighting research and methodological gaps.