Gender, Linguistic Time Orientation, and Environmental Practices Under Resource Constraints
研究考察了女性领导力、语言时间导向（未来时态强弱）及资源约束（如停电、断网）如何共同影响企业的环境实践，发现女性领导在弱未来时态文化中更有利于环保，但资源约束会削弱这一优势。
ABSTRACT This study examines how gender, language, and operating conditions shape firms' environmental practices. We test whether female ownership and top management interact with linguistic future time reference (FTR) and with resource constraints such as power outages and internet disruptions. Female‐led firms report lower environmental engagement than male‐led firms, suggesting that communal and long‐term expectations associated with female leadership do not automatically translate into organizational behavior. In weak FTR contexts, where the future is perceived as close to the present, this gap narrows and can reverse. However, under resource constraints, this alignment erodes, as disruptions narrow managerial attention to immediate continuity and the benefit of weak FTR diminishes, leaving female‐led firms comparatively more penalized. Overall, the results indicate a conditional role congruity effect in which female leadership supports environmental practice when cultural frames favor intertemporal commitment but weakens when operational pressures elevate short‐term priorities.