Coordinating supply chains with order smoothing and cooperative game theory
研究了在三级协作供应链中，使用合作博弈方法分配利润以补偿订单平滑带来的成本不对称，发现该方法能消除上下游利益失衡，适用于多种需求模式。
<p dir="ltr">We examine the use of cooperative game approaches to allocate profit in a three-echelon collaborative supply chain, focusing on order smoothing. Order smoothing involves altering the order-generating process in a supply chain to mitigate the bullwhip effect. This is facilitated by the well-known proportional order-upto replenishment policy. We quantify the benefits of order smoothing and show that it reduces costs across all possible partial coalitions as well as in a fully centralised supply chain. However, it also introduces cost asymmetry: the upstream stages benefit, while the downstream stage- where order smoothing is implemented - incurs additional costs. We demonstrate that profit redistribution using cooperative game approaches can eliminate this imbalance. Our findings hold across two different cost metrics and a wide range of demand patterns.