Policy Progress in Using Economic Policy Instruments to Improve Nutrition: Challenges and Opportunities
回顾了过去20年财政政策在改善饮食方面的应用增长，探讨了研究如何影响营养相关的经济政策范式、工具和设定，并指出贸易政策等其他工具使用有限，强调研究对政策变革的支持作用以及营养与经济政策制定者之间建设性合作的重要性。
Economic policy can be a powerful instrument to influence food environments and support improved diets and health. Over the past 20 years, the use of fiscal policy to improve diets has increased dramatically. This paper reviews the trajectory of policy change, and explores the ways in which research has informed three different dimensions of economic policy change in relation to nutrition: policy paradigms, policy instruments and policy settings. The increasing use of fiscal policy contrasts to more limited use of other economic policy instruments, including trade policy, to shape food environments for improved nutrition. Insights from the case studies explored in this paper indicate the important role of research in supporting policy change, including through generating evidence that speaks to sectoral needs and priorities, which can enable policy makers to identify and support potential synergies, as well as providing evidence from real-world evaluations of policy measures. The case studies also highlight the importance of constructive engagement between nutrition and economic policy makers. Finally, the paper identifies three considerations for research moving forward related to policy innovation, knowledge equity, and gender.