Instrumental Approach to Institutional Corruption: Explaining Performance‐Conditional Acceptance of Corruption Among Citizens in European Countries
本文研究欧洲公民如何将制度腐败视为工具性（即只要结果有利就接受腐败），基于27国调查数据发现，腐败正常化并未完全消除过程考量，但削弱了部分人群的此类考量。
ABSTRACT This article explores the mechanisms through which institutional corruption and engagement in corruption at the societal level may be normalized to the extent that citizens adopt an instrumental approach to corruption. Such an approach means that the public accepts corrupt practices and sees them as reasonable, as long as they achieve results that they see as beneficial. We develop a theoretical framework that includes institutional and behavioral independent variables. We then test our research model using survey data collected from citizens of 27 European countries from Transparency International's Global Corruption Barometer. The findings indicate that the mechanism through which citizens form their perceptions of institutional corruption as instrumental is complex. The normalization of corruption in society does not lead people to rule out process considerations, but it does weaken them among certain segments of the population. Thus, considerations about the outcomes of corrupt activities and the fairness of processes coexist.