From green inventions to products: The role of firm and policy alignment in product integration
研究绿色发明整合进产品的独特挑战，发现企业自身技术领域一致性对绿色发明的产品整合比非绿色发明更重要，但公共研发资金优先级的一致性未显示类似效果。
Green innovation is critical to sustainability, yet many green inventions do not make it into products. In this study, we argue that integrating green inventions into products poses distinct appropriability challenges. Accordingly, the alignment of an invention's technological domains, both with the firm's prior inventive activities (firm alignment) and with public R&D funding priorities (policy alignment), may matter more for the product integration of green inventions than for the product integration of non-green inventions. Using data on the product integration outcomes of 2160 patented inventions from a European automotive firm, we find that firm alignment is more strongly associated with product integration for green inventions than for non-green inventions. We find no clear evidence of a similar pattern for policy alignment. These findings highlight product integration as a key downstream organizational process in green innovation and clarify how firm and policy alignment relate to green inventions' product integration.