Resilience of consumer city under heatwaves
利用首尔2022-2025年信用卡交易数据，研究发现热浪不统一减少总消费，而是引发线上线下的渠道重新配置，不同行业替代程度不同，导致空间影响不均，为城市韧性提供新视角。
Abstract This study examines how heatwaves reshape urban consumption across online and offline channels. Using detailed credit card transaction data from Seoul (2022–2025), we analyse category-level spending within urban clusters. We find that heatwaves do not uniformly reduce total sales; instead, they induce heterogeneous channel reallocation. In some sectors, online transactions expand under thermal stress, partially offsetting offline declines, while in others substitution is limited and demand contracts. We conceptualise this process as consumption reconfiguration. Because clusters differ in their sectoral mix, such channel shifts generate uneven spatial consequences. The findings refine urban resilience debates by highlighting adaptive reorganisation rather than aggregate decline.