Perseverance, cognitive skills and life outcomes
利用1970年英国队列研究数据，分析10岁儿童的毅力如何预测教育成就和劳动力市场结果，发现毅力与认知技能互补，但长期经济收益需结合结构性干预。
We study the early-life determinants of children’s perseverance and its predictive power for educational attainment and labour market outcomes across the life course. Using teacher-assessed perseverance from the 1970 British Cohort Study we document that cognitive skills, gender, early health, and parental influences (particularly maternal biological factors and paternal education) are the strongest predictors of perseverance at age 10. Perseverance and cognitive skills exhibit distinct yet complementary effects on later outcomes. Perseverance shows strong associations with academic self-perception, internal locus of control, and interpersonal workplace skills such as teamwork, while cognitive skills dominate in technical and numerical domains. We assess the credibility of these associations, by combining Augmented Inverse Propensity Weighting with the framework of Cinelli and Hazlett (2020), quantifying how strong unobserved confounding would need to be to overturn our findings. This analysis reveals that perseverance’s associations with contemporaneous academic performance and locus of control beliefs show strong to moderate robustness. In contrast, associations with educational attainment and labour market outcomes are more fragile. Subgroup analysis reveals that perseverance functions as a compensatory mechanism in the face of childhood adversity, and it reinforces effort beliefs and labour market outcomes for males. Our findings would imply that policies promoting perseverance yield credible benefits for academic engagement and psychological well-being, but long-term economic gains requires interventions addressing educational access, financial barriers and labour market inequality.