Predicting retirement and Social Security claiming decisions using machine learning
本摘要源自该文的 CEPR 工作论文版（2024），正式发表版可能有调整。
We demonstrate that machine learning substantially improves predictions of individual decisions about retirement and Social Security (SS) claims. When predicting the number of people receiving SS, we achieve an error of less than 1%, while the benchmark model employed by the Social Security Administration (SSA) results in a greater than 4% error, and in forecasting SS claiming decisions, we attain an error of 0.2%, while the benchmark exceeding 2%. Based on averages, we show that a 3% difference in prediction amounts to 39.6 billion dollars annually. The set of important variables selected by our model significantly differs from that of the SSA model. We use Shapley values to evaluate the non-linear contributions of the selected variables to predictive outcomes.