Serving on empty: A multi‐level diary study on the dynamics of volunteer engagement in nonprofit sport clubs
通过对德国非营利体育俱乐部105名志愿者为期3周的日记调查，发现自主动机正向影响感知志愿者参与，进而增加正式和非正式志愿服务时间，而运动员心理疲劳会削弱这一关系。
Abstract We conducted a multilevel diary study in non‐profit sports clubs in Germany to examine the within‐person (day‐level) dynamics of volunteer engagement. The study was pre‐registered at OSF ( Link_to_Preregister ). Over a 3‐week period, we collected 649 usable daily reports from 105 participants ( M = 6.18 days per person). Multilevel analyses showed that self‐determined motivation was positively related to perceptual volunteer engagement (PVE). In turn, PVE was positively associated with time spent volunteering, both formally and informally. Moreover, athlete mental fatigue significantly weakened the positive association between self‐determined motivation and PVE. In contrast, volunteering flexibility did not moderate the relationship between self‐determined motivation and PVE. Overall, these findings advance theoretical understanding of the day‐to‐day mechanisms underlying volunteer engagement in nonprofit sports clubs and have important practical implications for their management.