Beyond co-creation: how non-profit organizations create public value in complex social challenges
本文研究非营利组织在难民融合这一复杂争议领域中如何创造公共价值，识别了服务提供、社会与社区活动、倡导三个关键领域，并构建了概念模型说明价值创造机制。
This article explores how public value is created in the complex and contested field of refugee integration, identifing three key arenas – service delivery, social and community activities, and advocacy – whereby NPOs create value in the multiple domains of refugee integration. We develop a conceptual model illustrating mechanisms of public value creation from the perspective of NPOs (full co-creation, societal creation of value between volunteers and service users only, and contestation), highlighting the roles of local and refugee volunteers. We contribute to public management scholarship by advancing theoretical understanding of how value is created in politicized policy fields and by whom.